In order to solve the imprecise problem of the sparse coefficient solution in image super-resolution reconstruction, a super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on adaptive regularized cascade sparse matrix was proposed. According to the characteristics of the image itself, adaptive regularization items were used to process the local image, so as to realize the local constraints of the image, and build a sparse matrix function based on adaptive regularization. In addition, in order to improve the clarity of the image, a degradation model based on global constraints was adopted to improve the process structure. Test results show that the proposed algorithm can construct clearer super-resolution images compared with other commonly used algorithms.