Introduced is a multi-channel optical fiber transmission system based on the FPGA which is embedded with the high speed transceiver RocketIO. The transmission system can transmit high speed and large capacity image data in the format of Camera Link interface at real-time. The design about the system structure, the key point of hardware design and some key software function module including parallel data converting modules, transmission control logic and RocketIO are introduced in detail. The experiment indicates that all 3 channel of the system can operate at an effective data transfer rate up to 7.2Gb/s and the transmission link is stable and reliable, so the system can meet the bandwidth requirements of optical electronics detection equipments.